What is Testosterone Deficiency?
Testosterone deficiency, also known as hypogonadism, occurs when the body does not produce enough testosterone. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and plays key roles in sexual development and function, muscle mass, bone density, and red blood cell production.
Symptoms
Some common symptoms of low testosterone include:
- Low sex drive
- Erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue
- Loss of muscle mass
- Increased body fat
- Loss of body and facial hair
- Depression or irritability
Causes
Testosterone deficiency can be caused by a few key factors:
- Primary hypogonadism - testes do not produce enough testosterone due to inherited conditions, undescended testicles, infection, trauma, or cancer treatment.
- Secondary hypogonadism - pituitary gland does not signal testes properly to produce testosterone.
- Natural decline - testosterone levels peak in early adulthood and decline with age.
Diagnosis
If symptoms of low testosterone are present, a doctor will check total testosterone blood levels. Typically, levels below 300 ng/dL are considered deficient in adult males. Further testing of other hormones may be done to pinpoint the cause.
Treatment
Treatment options for low testosterone include:
- Testosterone replacement therapy - testosterone medication given through injections, gels, patches, etc. to restore levels.
- Lifestyle changes - weight loss, exercise, stress reduction, and healthy diet.
- Treating underlying condition - if testosterone deficiency is due to a pituitary tumor or other medical issue.
By diagnosing and properly treating testosterone deficiency, men can often improve libido, energy levels, body composition, and quality of life. Consult a doctor if persistent bothersome symptoms are present. Acting early provides the best chance to restore optimal vitality and health.